Complications of Anal Fistula
If left untreated, or if poorly managed, anal fistulas can lead to ongoing discomfort, infection, and even long-term disability. Understanding complications helps highlight the importance of proper care and follow-up. Read more about the complications of anal fistula below.
1. Recurrent Abscesses
- A fistula can become blocked, leading to a painful collection of pus (abscess).
- Recurring abscesses increase scarring and the risk of complex tracts.
2. Fistula Recurrence
- Even after surgery, fistulas can come back, especially if:
- The tract was not fully treated
- Underlying conditions (e.g. Crohn’s disease) remain active
- Success rates depend on the fistula’s location, type, and surgical technique.
3. Incontinence (Rare but Serious)
- Surgery on or near the anal sphincter can weaken muscle control, leading to gas or stool leakage.
- This risk is higher in complex or high-tract fistulas and must be weighed carefully.
4. Chronic Pain and Scarring
- Deep or long-standing fistulas may cause anal tightness, pain during bowel movements, or skin sensitivity.
5. Psychological and Social Effects
- Embarrassment, discomfort, or the need for wound care can affect quality of life.
- Work absences or relationship strain are common without support.
Prevention and Aftercare
- Seek medical help for any anal pain or discharge
- Treat constipation and avoid straining
- Manage chronic bowel diseases with specialist care
- Keep the anal area clean and dry
With early diagnosis and proper surgery, most anal fistulas can be fully cured. However, long-term follow-up is important to detect recurrence early.
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Causes and Risk Factors of Anal Fistula
