Complications of Anorexia Nervosa
Anorexia nervosa affects every organ system. Without treatment, it can lead to severe and irreversible complications, including death. Even after recovery, some health consequences may persist. Read more about the complications of anorexia nervosa below.
8 Complications of Anorexia Nervosa
1. Cardiovascular Complications
- Bradycardia (abnormally slow heartbeat)
- Low blood pressure
- Irregular heart rhythms
- Heart failure in severe cases
2. Endocrine and Hormonal Effects
- Amenorrhoea (loss of menstruation)
- Infertility
- Low oestrogen or testosterone levels
- Thyroid dysfunction
3. Gastrointestinal Problems
- Constipation
- Bloating or stomach pain
- Delayed gastric emptying
4. Bone Health
- Osteopenia or osteoporosis
- Increased risk of fractures, especially in teens and young adults
5. Neurological Effects
- Difficulty concentrating
- Brain shrinkage in extreme cases
- Numbness or tingling in limbs
6. Kidney and Electrolyte Imbalance
- Dehydration
- Low potassium, magnesium, or sodium – can be life-threatening
- Kidney damage
7. Mental Health Risks
- Depression, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder
- Self-harm and suicidal ideation
- Social withdrawal and isolation
Mortality
- Anorexia has one of the highest death rates of any mental health disorder
- Deaths are often due to cardiac arrest, malnutrition, or suicide
Long-Term Recovery
Recovery is possible, especially with early treatment, strong family support, and long-term care. Relapse is common, but many individuals fully regain health and develop healthier relationships with food and body image.
Raising awareness, reducing stigma, and offering accessible support services are crucial — especially in countries like South Africa where eating disorders are often underdiagnosed.
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Dr Susannah Rose Psychotherapist London
