Complications of Aspergillosis
If left untreated or poorly managed, aspergillosis can cause life-threatening complications, especially in people with weakened immune systems or chronic lung damage. Learn more about the complications of aspergillosis below.
1. Massive Haemoptysis (Coughing up Blood)
- Caused by aspergillomas eroding into lung blood vessels
- Can be fatal if not treated promptly
2. Progressive Lung Damage
- Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis may cause:
- Permanent scarring and cavity formation
- Bronchiectasis
- Respiratory failure
3. Disseminated Aspergillosis
- In invasive aspergillosis, the infection can spread to:
- Brain, causing seizures or stroke-like symptoms
- Heart, kidneys, or skin
- High mortality rate without early antifungal therapy
4. Relapse or Drug Resistance
- Aspergillus may become resistant to azole antifungals
- Long-term treatment is often needed, with regular monitoring
5. Complications from Treatment
- Liver toxicity from antifungal drugs
- Side effects such as visual changes (voriconazole), gastrointestinal upset, or skin reactions
6. Impact on Quality of Life
- Fatigue, anxiety, breathlessness
- Inability to work or participate in daily activities
- Emotional distress from recurrent illness
Prevention Strategies:
- Avoid exposure to mouldy environments (gardening, composting)
- Use protective masks during renovations or dusty work
- Treat underlying TB, asthma, or immune suppression early
With early diagnosis and the right treatment, many forms of aspergillosis can be controlled or managed, though some may require lifelong care.
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