Complications of Asthma
If poorly managed, asthma can lead to serious complications that may affect long-term health, independence, and quality of life. Learn more about the complications of asthma below.
1. Severe Asthma Attacks
- Can result in respiratory failure and death if not treated promptly
- More likely in people who:
- Skip preventer medication
- Delay emergency treatment
- Have poor inhaler technique
2. Frequent Hospitalisations
- Repeated flare-ups may lead to:
- Time off school or work
- Emotional distress and reduced physical activity
- Increased healthcare costs
3. Permanent Lung Damage
- Chronic inflammation can lead to airway remodelling
- Causes reduced lung capacity over time
4. Sleep Disturbances
- Night-time coughing or wheezing disrupts rest
- Leads to daytime fatigue, irritability, and poor concentration
5. Mental Health Impact
- Anxiety about attacks may cause fear of exercise or leaving home
- Children with uncontrolled asthma may struggle with confidence and social inclusion
6. Reduced Physical Fitness
- Fear of triggering symptoms may lead to inactivity
- Worsens cardiovascular fitness and overall health
Preventing Complications
- Stick to treatment plans
- Use preventer inhalers consistently
- Avoid triggers and monitor symptoms
- Educate family members and caregivers
With proper care, asthma can be controlled, allowing individuals to live active, healthy lives. In South Africa, ongoing efforts aim to increase awareness, access to treatment, and school-based education to reduce asthma-related deaths.
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