Complications of Dislocated Kneecap
The complications of dislocated kneecap can range from mild, short-term setbacks to serious, long-lasting damage if the injury is not properly managed. While most people recover with conservative treatment, some experience repeated dislocations, chronic pain, or reduced knee function over time.
One of the most common complications of dislocated kneecap is patellar instability. After an initial dislocation, the ligaments and tissues that hold the kneecap in place may remain stretched or weakened. This increases the likelihood of future dislocations, even during everyday activities like walking or climbing stairs. Each subsequent dislocation causes more wear and tear on the joint and makes recovery harder.
Cartilage damage is another major concern. When the kneecap slides out of place, it can scrape against the femur, damaging the cartilage that cushions the joint. This can lead to osteochondral injuries—where both bone and cartilage are damaged. In the long term, this wear can contribute to patellofemoral arthritis, causing chronic pain and stiffness.
Another possible outcome is a fracture. Sometimes, the force of the dislocation causes small pieces of bone to break off, especially around the kneecap or femoral groove. These fragments may require surgical removal or fixation. If missed, they can float in the joint, causing catching or locking sensations, and further damage the cartilage.
Recovering
People recovering from a dislocated kneecap may also experience ongoing muscle weakness or atrophy, particularly in the quadriceps. If rehabilitation is delayed or incomplete, it can affect gait, balance, and the ability to return to sport. Scar tissue from previous injuries or surgeries can also restrict movement.
Many people often overlook the psychological effects. After a traumatic injury like a dislocated kneecap, individuals—especially athletes—may develop fear of re-injury. This hesitation can interfere with recovery and reduce performance, particularly if the person avoids full engagement in rehab or physical activity.
Complications of Dislocated Kneecap
In South Africa, disparities in access to specialist care and physiotherapy can increase the risk of complications, particularly in public hospitals serving rural communities. Without consistent follow-up, patients may not complete rehabilitation, making recurrence and chronic knee instability more likely.
Surgery can lead to complications such as infection, stiffness, or incorrect alignment if the surgeon does not properly stabilize the kneecap. That’s why patients should always follow surgical interventions with supervised rehabilitation and regular monitoring.
Avoiding the complications of dislocated kneecap depends on early diagnosis, proper reduction, comprehensive physiotherapy, and ongoing patient education. With careful management, most individuals recover well and maintain strong, stable knees for the long term.
