Complications of Eardrum Burst
The complications of eardrum burst can range from mild to serious, depending on the size of the tear, how quickly it is treated, and whether infection sets in. While most cases heal without lasting problems, an untreated or repeatedly ruptured eardrum can lead to permanent damage. For this reason, recognising and managing eardrum burst promptly is crucial.
Hearing loss is one of the most common complications. When the eardrum is perforated, sound cannot be transmitted effectively to the middle and inner ear. While mild hearing loss often resolves once the membrane heals, repeated ruptures or large perforations may result in permanent hearing impairment.
Recurring infections are another risk. The eardrum normally protects the middle ear from bacteria and debris. When this barrier is broken, germs and water can easily enter, leading to chronic otitis media (persistent middle ear infection). In children, this can delay speech development, cause school difficulties, and require long-term medical follow-up.
Otorrhoea
Chronic drainage from the ear—also called otorrhoea—is a complication that occurs if the ear fails to heal and continues to leak fluid. This condition may require antibiotics, surgical intervention, or regular cleaning by an ENT specialist.
Another serious complication is the development of a cholesteatoma. This is an abnormal skin growth in the middle ear that can erode bone and damage nearby structures, including the tiny bones involved in hearing. Cholesteatomas are rare but require surgical removal to prevent more serious outcomes, including facial nerve damage.
Balance issues may also occur, especially if the inner ear is affected. People may feel dizzy or unsteady, particularly when changing positions. These symptoms can impact day-to-day tasks and increase the risk of falls, especially in older adults.
In rare cases, untreated eardrum burst and associated infections can spread to the mastoid bone behind the ear (mastoiditis) or even into the brain, causing meningitis or brain abscess. These are life-threatening conditions requiring urgent medical treatment.
Complications of Eardrum Burst
In South Africa, people in underserved areas are more likely to experience these complications due to delayed diagnosis, lack of ENT services, or improper home remedies. Education on ear safety, improved access to care, and early treatment of ear infections are vital to reducing long-term risks.
Repeated eardrum trauma—from unsafe cleaning, loud noise exposure, or unresolved infections—should be taken seriously. Anyone with ongoing ear symptoms after a rupture should return for evaluation and possible specialist referral.
Preventing the complications of eardrum burst involves prompt treatment, ear protection, follow-up care, and public health education. With proper attention, most people recover fully, and the risk of long-term damage is significantly reduced.
