Complications of Earwax Build-up
The complications of earwax build-up are usually minor when treated early. However, if left untreated or handled incorrectly, earwax build-up can lead to more serious issues. Understanding the risks helps encourage safe practices and prompt treatment.
The most common complication is temporary hearing loss. Impacted wax physically blocks sound from reaching the eardrum. This can affect communication, work, school performance, and social interaction—especially in children and the elderly.
Earache is another frequent issue. Hardened wax can press against the ear canal wall, causing pain and discomfort. If the wax traps moisture or bacteria, it may also lead to infection, particularly otitis externa (outer ear infection). Symptoms of infection include swelling, redness, pus, and increased pain when touching the ear.
Tinnitus, or ringing in the ear, can also result from wax pressing on the eardrum or nearby nerves. For some people, this buzzing or humming sound can become persistent and affect concentration or sleep.
Dizziness or balance problems may occur in rare cases, especially when the wax impacts the inner ear or blocks the canal completely. While not common, this can increase the risk of falls—particularly in older adults.
Improper cleaning methods are a major source of complications. Inserting cotton buds or foreign objects may push wax deeper or cause trauma. This can lead to eardrum perforation, which may require months to heal and affect long-term hearing. Infections may also develop if bacteria are introduced during these attempts.
Ear candles—a popular alternative method—pose additional dangers. They can cause burns, ear canal blockage, or even fire hazards. Studies show they are ineffective at removing wax and can make symptoms worse.
Complications of Earwax Build-up
In South Africa, complications often arise due to misinformation or lack of access to proper healthcare. People may delay seeking help or use traditional remedies that damage the ear. Rural clinics may not have the tools or trained staff to remove wax safely, increasing the risk of repeated infections or chronic ear conditions.
Repeated earwax build-up can also impact the use of hearing aids. Blocked ear canals reduce sound transmission and increase feedback. Hearing aids may also become clogged with wax, requiring more frequent cleaning or repairs.
Preventing complications involves education and access to safe care. People should be taught to avoid inserting anything into their ears, to recognise the symptoms of wax build-up, and to seek help if hearing suddenly worsens.
With early treatment, the complications of earwax build-up can be avoided entirely. Safe removal, regular check-ups, and simple lifestyle changes ensure ears stay clear and healthy.
