Complications of Ectropion
The complications of ectropion mainly arise when the condition is left untreated. Since ectropion causes the lower eyelid to pull away from the eye, it leaves the eye surface exposed and unprotected. This can lead to ongoing discomfort, recurrent infections, and long-term damage to vision if not managed properly.
The most common complication is dry eye syndrome. Without proper contact between the eyelid and the eye, the tear film cannot spread evenly. This leads to a dry, gritty sensation, redness, and a burning feeling in the eye. Over time, chronic dryness can damage the corneal surface.
Another major issue is chronic tearing (epiphora). Although it may seem like the eye is producing too many tears, the problem lies in tear drainage. Because the lower eyelid is turned outward, tears cannot enter the tear ducts and instead spill over onto the face.
Corneal damage is a more serious complication. If the cornea becomes dry or scratched, it may lead to keratitis (inflammation), corneal ulcers, or even vision loss. This is especially dangerous for elderly patients or those with weakened immune systems, who may not detect the signs of infection early.
Recurrent conjunctivitis (inflammation of the eye lining) is also common. Without adequate eyelid protection, the eye becomes more susceptible to bacterial or viral infections. Patients may experience frequent redness, discharge, and discomfort.
In some cases, cosmetic deformity can develop. The constant exposure of the inner eyelid and tearing may cause skin irritation, darkening, or scarring. Social discomfort may follow, particularly for people who feel self-conscious about their appearance.
People with paralytic ectropion face additional complications if facial nerve function is not addressed. The inability to blink properly can lead to exposure keratopathy, where the cornea becomes chronically exposed and inflamed.
Complications of Ectropion
In South Africa, complications from ectropion are more likely in regions with poor access to eye care. Delayed diagnosis and lack of treatment resources contribute to preventable vision problems. In many cases, simple interventions could have avoided serious outcomes.
To prevent complications, early intervention is key. Lubrication, proper eye hygiene, and surgical repair when needed can restore normal eyelid function and protect vision. Regular eye check-ups—especially for older adults—can detect ectropion before it causes lasting damage.
Addressing the complications of ectropion requires public awareness, timely referral to specialists, and access to affordable treatment. With proper care, most people can avoid long-term effects and maintain clear, comfortable vision.
