Complications of Erythromelalgia
The complications of erythromelalgia arise mainly from prolonged symptoms, poor symptom control, or unsafe attempts at self-treatment. Though erythromelalgia is not fatal, it can be physically and emotionally disabling without proper care.
Skin Damage and Ulceration
The urge to cool the skin during flare-ups can lead to:
Cold burns, from ice packs applied directly to the skin
Maceration, due to prolonged soaking in water
Skin infections, if the skin barrier is broken
Ulcers, particularly on the feet, from repeated trauma or overexposure to cold
Educating patients about safe cooling methods is essential to avoid these problems.
Reduced Mobility
Frequent pain and flare-ups can result in:
Avoidance of walking or standing, leading to deconditioning
Dependence on mobility aids, especially in severe cases
Increased fall risk, due to muscle weakness or sensory loss
This may lead to isolation, weight gain, and worsening health over time.
Sleep and Emotional Disturbances
Many patients with erythromelalgia experience:
Sleep disruption, especially from night-time flare-ups
Chronic fatigue, due to unrelenting pain and poor rest
Depression or anxiety, from coping with a rare and misunderstood illness
Social withdrawal, due to embarrassment or mobility limitations
Support groups, psychological counselling, and peer education can be invaluable.
Work and Lifestyle Impact
Absenteeism, due to pain and flare frequency
Avoidance of social activities
Strained relationships, especially if the condition is not well understood by family or friends
Financial strain, from medication, travel to appointments, or loss of income
Complications of Erythromelalgia In South Africa
In South Africa, these complications are magnified by limited awareness and lack of specialist pain clinics in public health. Patients may be labelled as drug-seeking or misdiagnosed with psychiatric conditions. Community-level education and digital support platforms can help improve care and reduce stigma.
The complications of erythromelalgia can be prevented or minimised with a proactive management plan. With consistent care, many people can live full lives despite the challenges posed by this complex condition.
