Complications of Eye Injuries
The complications of eye injuries can range from short-term discomfort to permanent vision loss. Eye injuries, especially those that are deep, neglected, or improperly treated, may result in serious and sometimes irreversible outcomes.
Common Short-Term Complications
1. Infection
Any scratch or foreign object can lead to a bacterial infection if not treated
Conjunctivitis, keratitis, or orbital cellulitis may follow
Redness, discharge, or increased pain after injury could signal infection
2. Corneal Scarring
Deep abrasions or untreated ulcers may cause scar tissue
Can lead to blurry vision, glare, or even need for corneal transplant
3. Photophobia and Dry Eye
Light sensitivity is common after corneal injury
Some injuries damage tear production, leading to chronic dry eye
Serious Long-Term Complications
4. Retinal Detachment
Often the result of blunt trauma
Causes flashes of light, floaters, or a “curtain” effect in the field of vision
Surgical treatment is urgent to prevent permanent blindness
5. Glaucoma
May develop after trauma due to increased intraocular pressure
Can be painless in early stages but causes irreversible vision loss if untreated
6. Vision Loss
Severe trauma may result in partial or total blindness
Caused by optic nerve damage, globe rupture, or infection
Some vision loss is immediate, while other cases worsen over time
7. Cosmetic Deformity
Eyelid damage or eye shrinking (phthisis bulbi) may lead to changes in appearance
May require reconstructive surgery or a prosthetic eye
Psychological and Functional Impact
Anxiety and fear, especially if vision is affected
Loss of confidence or independence
Challenges with reading, driving, working, or recognising faces
Impact on quality of life, particularly in children or working adults
Prevention of Complications of Eye Injuries
Timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment
Wearing eye protection during high-risk activities
Adhering to follow-up care and completing antibiotic or steroid courses
The complications of eye injuries are often preventable. Education, safety equipment, and access to emergency care play a vital role in reducing the burden of trauma-related vision loss.
