Complications of Flu
The complications of flu can be mild or life-threatening, depending on the individual’s health and immune status. Flu is more dangerous for young children, elderly people, pregnant women, and those with chronic illnesses. Even healthy individuals can experience complications if the virus weakens the immune system or leads to secondary infections.
Respiratory Complications
1. Pneumonia
The most serious complication
Can be viral (from flu itself) or bacterial (secondary infection)
Symptoms include chest pain, cough with mucus, shortness of breath, and high fever
May require antibiotics, oxygen therapy, or hospitalisation
2. Bronchitis
Inflammation of the bronchial tubes
Causes persistent cough, fatigue, and chest tightness
Usually resolves with rest but can lead to chronic lung issues in vulnerable groups
Sinus and Ear Infections
Sinusitis and otitis media are common, particularly in children
Caused by fluid build-up and bacterial overgrowth
May require decongestants or antibiotics
Exacerbation of Chronic Illness
People with asthma, COPD, heart disease, or diabetes may experience worsening of their condition
Flu can trigger asthma attacks, heart strain, or unstable blood sugar levels
Monitoring and medication adjustments are crucial during flu infection
Neurological Complications (Rare)
Encephalitis – inflammation of the brain, leading to confusion, seizures, or coma
Guillain-Barré syndrome – a rare autoimmune condition causing muscle weakness or paralysis
Febrile seizures in children with high fever
Though rare, these complications require emergency care and hospitalisation.
Muscle and Heart Inflammation
Myositis (muscle inflammation) can cause severe pain and tenderness
Myocarditis (inflammation of the heart) may lead to chest pain, irregular heartbeat, or heart failure
These are uncommon but serious complications.
Death | Complications of Flu
Flu-related deaths occur every year, particularly in the elderly or immunocompromised. Most are due to pneumonia, sepsis, or heart complications. Seasonal flu causes thousands of deaths globally each year, many of which are preventable with vaccination.
The complications of flu highlight the importance of prevention, early treatment, and protection of high-risk individuals. Although many recover without issue, flu remains a potentially serious illness that should not be underestimated.
