Complications of Fungal Nail Infection
The complications of fungal nail infection can go beyond cosmetic concerns and lead to pain, secondary infections, or permanent nail damage. Fungal nail infection can also affect quality of life, especially when it becomes chronic or spreads to other nails or people.
Nail Damage and Deformity
Chronic infection can lead to thickened, discoloured, or crumbling nails
In severe cases, the nail may become detached from the nail bed
Irreversible damage to the nail matrix may occur, affecting future nail growth
Nail shape may remain distorted even after the infection clears
This can cause discomfort when wearing shoes or walking, particularly in toenail infections.
Pain and Functional Problems
The pressure from thickened nails may lead to pain while walking or standing
The nail may grow into the surrounding skin, causing ingrown nails or inflammation
People with diabetes are especially at risk for ulcers or foot complications if the infection is not treated promptly
Secondary Infections
The broken or lifted nail surface creates an entry point for bacteria
This may result in paronychia (infection of the skin around the nail) or cellulitis
In vulnerable individuals, especially the elderly or immunocompromised, this can become a serious issue
Psychological and Social Impact
Many people feel embarrassed by the appearance of their nails, especially when wearing sandals or going barefoot
This can lead to reduced confidence or avoidance of activities such as swimming, yoga, or social gatherings
Persistent nail issues may also contribute to low mood or anxiety
Transmission to Others
Fungal nail infections can spread to:
Other nails
Skin on the feet or body (e.g., athlete’s foot)
Family members, especially when sharing towels or walking barefoot in shared areas
Recurrence
Even with treatment, fungal nail infections may recur, especially if risk factors (like athlete’s foot or sweaty feet) are not addressed
Preventative steps include:
Keeping feet clean and dry
Wearing breathable shoes and clean socks
Using antifungal sprays or powders if prone to sweating
Complications of Fungal Nail Infection
Understanding the complications of fungal nail infection highlights the importance of early treatment, ongoing hygiene, and regular monitoring to prevent persistent or recurring issues.
