Complications of Gastroparesis
The complications of gastroparesis arise from long-term delays in stomach emptying, poor intake of nutrition, and unstable blood sugar levels. Gastroparesis can seriously affect quality of life and lead to a range of physical and emotional problems if not properly managed.
Malnutrition
The most common and serious complication
Caused by:
Reduced food intake due to nausea or being full too early
Vomiting of food that did not digest properly
Avoidance of ‘high calorie’ or ‘nutrient rich’ meals
Leads to weight loss, muscle wasting, vitamin deficiencies, and general fatigue
Dietary support and supplements may be necessary to maintain adequate nutrition.
Severe Dehydration
To vommit repeatedly causes loss of fluids and electrolytes
Can lead to:
Low blood pressure
Dizziness or fainting
Kidney strain or reduced kidney function
IV fluid therapy is sometimes required during flare-ups.
Uncontrolled Blood Glucose
Particularly dangerous in patients with diabeties
Delayed gastric emptying makes insulin timing unpredictable
Leads to:
Severe hypo- or hyperglycaemia
Poor long-term diabetic control
Greater risk of diabetic complications like neuropathy and eye disease
Close coordination between diabetologists and gastroenterologists is essential.
Bezoars
Masses of undigested food that form in the stomach
Can cause blockages, nausea, or infections
May need to be removed endoscopically
Bacterial Overgrowth
Stagnant food in the stomach may encourage bacterial overgrowth
Leads to further bloating, gas, and indigestion
Antibiotics or probiotics may be prescribed to help balance gut flora.
Emotional and Mental Health Effects
Living with a chronic digestive disorder often causes:
Depression and anxiety
Social withdrawal or fear of eating in public
Reduced enjoyment of food and daily activities
Counselling and peer support groups may be helpful for emotional resilience.
Reduced Quality of Life
Ongoing fatigue, pain, unpredictable symptoms, and dietary restrictions significantly affect lifestyle
People may struggle with work, travel, or social engagements
Persistent gastroparesis may lead to feelings of hopelessness or loss of control
Complications of Gastroparesis
Addressing the complications of gastroparesis requires a holistic approach, focusing not only on symptom relief but also emotional well-being, nutrition, and long-term monitoring.
