Complications of Head Lice
While typically not serious, the complications of head lice can still impact physical health, emotional wellbeing, and social interactions if infestations are not promptly addressed. Recognising and managing the complications of head lice early is important to prevent secondary issues and minimise disruption, particularly among school-aged children.
One of the most common complications is skin irritation due to persistent scratching. Repeated trauma to the scalp can cause excoriations—small breaks in the skin—that may become red, swollen, or scabbed. These open areas serve as entry points for bacteria, increasing the risk of secondary infections such as impetigo, a contagious skin infection caused by Staphylococcus or Streptococcus species.
Infections from scratching may lead to swollen lymph nodes in the neck or behind the ears. If left untreated, these infections can worsen and may require antibiotics. In rare cases, cellulitis, a deeper skin infection, may occur.
Complications of Head Lice
Sleep disturbances are another common consequence, especially in children. As lice are more active in the dark, nighttime itching can lead to disrupted sleep patterns, fatigue, and irritability. This sleep deprivation may affect concentration, behaviour, and school performance.
Psychological and social complications are significant. Children and adolescents with head lice often face embarrassment, teasing, or bullying from peers. This can lead to anxiety, low self-esteem, and social withdrawal. The stigma surrounding lice often leads families to conceal infestations, delaying treatment and facilitating further spread.
Parental stress and frustration can also become a complication, especially when infestations are persistent or affect multiple family members. Misconceptions about hygiene and cleanliness may lead to feelings of guilt, shame, or conflict within households.
Complications of Head Lice
Improper treatment can result in additional problems. Overuse of insecticidal products or application of unapproved home remedies can irritate the scalp, cause chemical burns, or lead to allergic reactions. In rare cases, misuse of highly flammable products like malathion has led to safety incidents.
Over-cleaning of the home in response to lice can result in unnecessary stress, time consumption, and financial cost. Parents may spend hours washing items and purchasing multiple treatments or cleaning products, often far beyond what is needed to eliminate lice effectively.
Reinfestation is another frustrating outcome. It can occur if live lice or viable nits are missed during treatment, or if close contacts are not examined and treated. Without proper follow-up, the lice cycle resumes, prolonging the issue.
Complications of Head Lice
In conclusion, the complications of head lice are largely preventable with proper identification, treatment, and education. Addressing both the physical and emotional consequences ensures better outcomes and reduces the burden on affected individuals and families.
