Getting an autism diagnosis may feel overwhelming, but it plays a vital role in understanding and supporting an individual’s needs. This article breaks down how Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is diagnosed, when it usually happens, and what the process looks like in countries like South Africa and the UK.
Why a diagnosis matters
A proper diagnosis helps individuals and families access the support, tools, and services they need. Whether identified early or later in life, diagnosing autism helps explain behavioural patterns and development differences, which can ease anxiety and frustration.
When do doctors diagnose autism?
Most children receive a diagnosis between the ages of 2 and 5. However, some individuals—especially girls or those with subtle traits—may not get diagnosed until adolescence or adulthood. Many people mask their symptoms or get misdiagnosed with other conditions first, like anxiety or ADHD.
How the diagnosis works
Diagnosing autism involves observing behaviour, reviewing developmental history, and using standardised assessments. There’s no medical test—like a blood test or scan—that can confirm autism.
1. Raising concerns and screening
Parents, teachers, or healthcare providers often notice early signs. These may include delayed speech, lack of eye contact, or unusual play. A general developmental screening follows.
2. Referring to a specialist
If concerns continue, a GP or primary care doctor refers the child or individual to a specialist, such as a paediatrician, clinical psychologist, or neurologist.
3. Carrying out the full assessment
Specialists use a combination of methods, such as:
- Interviews with parents or caregivers
- Behavioural observation
- Standardised tools, like the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) and Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R)
They may also check for conditions that often appear alongside autism, like ADHD, anxiety, or learning differences.
Diagnosing in South Africa
In South Africa, qualified professionals—including developmental paediatricians, clinical psychologists, and neurologists—carry out autism assessments. However, access varies depending on region, and long wait times remain a concern. In rural or under-resourced areas, diagnosis often comes much later.
Helpful resources in South Africa:
Diagnosis in the UK
The NHS provides autism assessments through a multidisciplinary team. Parents or adults usually start by seeing a GP, health visitor, or teacher, who refers them for further testing.
Specialists—including child psychologists, speech therapists, and occupational therapists—conduct the assessments.
For those who want quicker access, private diagnosis options also exist.
Helpful resources in the UK:
The National Autistic Society – offers diagnosis guidance, family support, and local services
What happens after diagnosis?
Once diagnosed, individuals and families can access:
- Therapy (speech, occupational, and behavioural)
- Special education plans or support at school
- Social skills training
- Parent education and counselling
While there’s no “cure” for autism, early and ongoing support leads to better quality of life and mental health.
An autism diagnosis doesn’t define someone—it helps them. Whether you’re navigating this process for your child or yourself, diagnosis offers clarity, relief, and a new path forward. It marks the beginning of a journey toward understanding, support, and self-acceptance.
Reviewed April 2025. Always consult a professional for individual guidance.
