Diagnosis and Evaluation of Breast Abscess
The diagnosis and evaluation of breast abscess are based on clinical examination, medical history, and — when needed — imaging to confirm the presence of an infection. Prompt and accurate diagnosis and evaluation of breast abscess is essential to prevent complications and guide effective treatment.
1. Medical history and physical exam
Doctors will ask about breastfeeding status, pain levels, fever, previous episodes of mastitis or abscess, and any other relevant conditions. During the physical exam, the breast may show:
- A red, swollen, painful area
- A soft, fluctuant lump suggesting pus
- Signs of systemic infection like fever or fatigue
2. Imaging studies
- Ultrasound is the primary tool used to confirm the presence and size of a fluid-filled abscess. It helps differentiate between mastitis and an actual abscess.
- In rare or complicated cases, doctors may use mammography or MRI—especially in non-lactating individuals or when they suspect malignancy.
3. Laboratory tests
- If pus drains from the area, doctors may send a sample for culture and sensitivity testing to help choose the right antibiotic.
- In more severe cases, doctors may use blood tests to check for elevated white blood cells or signs of a systemic infection.
4. Differential diagnosis
It’s important to distinguish a breast abscess from other conditions such as:
- Inflammatory breast cancer
- Breast cysts
- Galactocele (milk-filled cyst)
In South Africa, rural clinics may have limited access to ultrasound and diagnostic services. However, many community clinics and hospitals can assess patients and refer them promptly when needed. Education on recognising early signs and knowing when to seek help can make a big difference.
The diagnosis and evaluation of breast abscess ensures patients get the right treatment early — reducing pain, preserving breast function, and preventing further health risks.
👉 [Next: Treatment Options for Breast Abscess]
