Diagnosis and Evaluation of Breast Cancer in Men
The diagnosis and evaluation of breast cancer in men involves clinical examination, imaging tests, and biopsies. Because male breast cancer is rare and poorly understood, diagnosis often occurs later than it should. Early diagnosis in men significantly improves treatment outcomes.
See 5 points on diagnosis and evaluation of breast cancer in men below:
1. Clinical examination
A healthcare provider will assess any lump or abnormality in the breast. This includes checking the opposite breast and underarm areas for lymph node enlargement.
2. Imaging tests
- Mammography: Though more commonly used in women, mammograms are highly effective in detecting suspicious masses in men.
- Ultrasound: Used to provide more detail about the lump and determine whether it’s solid or fluid-filled.
- MRI: Occasionally used for complex cases or when further imaging clarity is needed.
3. Biopsy
A core needle or surgical biopsy is performed to remove tissue for laboratory testing. This confirms whether the lump is cancerous and helps determine its type and hormone receptor status.
4. Hormone receptor testing
Testing for oestrogen and progesterone receptors is crucial. Most male breast cancers are hormone receptor-positive, which affects treatment decisions.
5. Staging and further evaluation
If cancer is confirmed, additional scans (such as CT, PET, or bone scans) may be performed to determine if the cancer has spread beyond the breast.
In South Africa, access to mammography and biopsy services varies, particularly in rural clinics. However, district and regional hospitals are equipped to refer and diagnose most suspected cases. Encouraging men to seek care promptly is critical.
The evaluation of breast cancer in men must be done carefully and sensitively. Many men are surprised by the possibility of breast cancer and may need support and counselling during this time.
👉 [Next: Treatment Options for Breast Cancer in Men]
