Diagnosis and When to Seek Help
Diagnosis and when to seek help for a boil is usually straightforward. A healthcare provider can identify it through a physical examination, based on its appearance, location, and symptoms. However, further investigation may be needed if boils are recurrent, unusually large, or show signs of systemic infection.
Typical signs doctors look for:
- A red, raised lump filled with pus
- Swelling and tenderness around the lesion
- Central yellow or white “head” indicating infection
- Heat or throbbing sensation in the area
Additional tests may be done if:
- The boil is part of recurrent infections
- It doesn’t improve with standard treatment
- The patient has diabetes, HIV, or immune issues
- There are signs of spreading infection, such as fever or red streaks
Diagnostic tests may include:
- Pus swab: To identify the specific bacteria causing the infection and check for antibiotic resistance (e.g. MRSA).
- Blood tests: To assess immune function or detect underlying systemic infection.
- Blood sugar testing: To rule out undiagnosed diabetes in adults with recurring boils.
When to seek medical attention:
- The boil is larger than a 5 rand coin
- Does not drain on its own within a few days
- Associated with fever, chills, or fatigue
- Pain worsens or spreads
- The area becomes increasingly red or swollen
- Located on the face, spine, or groin, where complications are more likely
- You have multiple boils or carbuncles
In South Africa, public clinics are well-equipped to treat boils, especially if caught early. Private GPs and dermatologists may provide faster diagnosis and lab testing for persistent or resistant cases.
Diagnosis and When to Seek Help
Early treatment can prevent complications such as abscess formation, scarring, or bloodstream infection (sepsis).
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