Diagnosis of a Broken Back
Diagnosis of a Broken Back involves a combination of clinical assessment, neurological examination, and advanced imaging. Accurate and timely diagnosis of a broken back ensures the right treatment plan is followed and reduces the risk of complications like spinal cord injury or long-term disability.
The process begins with a medical history and a detailed account of the trauma. Doctors will ask about the mechanism of injury, pain severity, mobility limitations, and any symptoms of nerve damage such as numbness or weakness. A neurological exam is performed to assess reflexes, muscle strength, sensation, and coordination.
During the physical exam, the doctor checks for spinal tenderness, deformity, bruising, and swelling. Movement may be limited, and patients are usually advised to remain still until imaging confirms spinal stability.
X-rays are often the first imaging tool used. They help identify obvious fractures or dislocations of the vertebrae. However, X-rays may not detect smaller cracks or spinal cord involvement.
CT (computed tomography) scans offer more detailed information and are better at identifying complex fractures, bone fragments, and spinal alignment. They are especially useful when the initial X-ray is inconclusive but clinical suspicion remains high.
Diagnosis of a Broken Back
MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) is the gold standard for evaluating soft tissue and spinal cord damage. It can reveal swelling, herniated discs, ligament injuries, or bleeding around the spinal cord — all of which may not be visible on X-ray or CT.
In emergency settings, patients suspected of having spinal fractures are often immobilised with spinal boards or neck braces until imaging rules out instability.
In cases involving osteoporosis or cancer, additional bone scans or blood tests may be required to assess bone health and identify underlying causes.
Accurate diagnosis of a broken back is essential before initiating treatment. Misdiagnosis or delay in imaging can result in worsening pain, nerve compression, and long-term damage to spinal function.
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