Diagnosis of a Broken Thumb
Diagnosis of a Broken Thumb begins with a physical exam and is confirmed using imaging such as X-rays or CT scans. A clear and timely diagnosis of a broken thumb helps ensure proper alignment, appropriate treatment, and the best chance of full recovery. Delayed or incorrect diagnosis may result in permanent joint or grip dysfunction.
During the physical examination, a healthcare provider will ask how the injury occurred and inspect the thumb for swelling, tenderness, bruising, and deformity. They will check thumb movement, grip strength, and assess whether any joints are involved. Specific stress tests may be done to evaluate ligament stability, particularly at the base of the thumb.
X-rays are the most commonly used imaging tool. They help identify the location, type, and severity of the fracture. A break may occur in the distal (tip) bone. The proximal bone near the hand, or the first metacarpal, especially in Bennett’s or Rolando fractures. X-rays also reveal whether the fracture is displaced, stable, or involves the joint.
In more complex injuries — such as comminuted fractures or those near the carpometacarpal (CMC) joint. A CT scan may be ordered to provide greater detail. MRI is less frequently used but can help detect ligament or tendon damage if suspected.
Diagnosis of a Broken Thumb
Assessment of nerve and blood vessel function is also essential. Doctors will test sensation, circulation, and capillary refill to ensure no neurovascular structures have been compromised.
In children, diagnosis must consider growth plates. A fracture involving a growth plate (epiphyseal plate) requires careful management to avoid long-term developmental issues in the thumb.
Access to imaging is generally available in most urban South African clinics and hospitals. Furthermore, rural facilities may refer patients to central hospitals for scans. Immediate splinting is recommended in all suspected cases until imaging confirms the diagnosis.
An accurate diagnosis of a broken thumb is the foundation for effective treatment. It ensures that healing occurs properly and reduces the risk of deformity, arthritis, or grip loss in the future.
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