Diagnosis of Bronchitis

Diagnosis of Bronchitis

Diagnosis of bronchitis begins with a thorough medical history and physical examination. A proper diagnosis of bronchitis helps distinguish it from other respiratory illnesses such as pneumonia, asthma, or even early signs of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

The doctor will start by asking questions about the onset and duration of symptoms, particularly the nature of the cough, presence of mucus, fever, or breathing difficulties. Information about smoking habits, occupational exposure to irritants, and any history of lung disease is also important.

During the physical exam, the doctor will listen to the chest using a stethoscope. Crackles or wheezing may be heard, especially during exhalation. If the lungs sound clear and the patient is otherwise well, no further tests may be necessary.

For acute bronchitis, no special investigations are usually required unless complications are suspected. If symptoms persist beyond three weeks, worsen, or include a high fever, further tests may be recommended.

A chest X-ray may be done to rule out pneumonia, especially in elderly patients or those with underlying conditions. Chest X-rays are particularly useful if the patient presents with shortness of breath, chest pain, or coughing up blood.

Diagnosis of bronchitis

In cases of chronic bronchitis or frequent episodes of acute bronchitis, lung function tests (spirometry) may be performed. These tests measure how well the lungs can inhale and exhale air and are used to diagnose or monitor COPD.

Blood tests are not routinely needed but may help rule out other infections or check for inflammation. A sputum culture can be taken if a bacterial infection is suspected or if the patient is not responding to initial treatment.

Pulse oximetry may be used to check oxygen levels in the blood, especially in people experiencing breathlessness.

A confirmed diagnosis of bronchitis guides the next steps — whether symptomatic relief for acute cases or long-term management strategies for chronic sufferers.

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