Diagnosis of Cerebral Palsy
Diagnosis of cerebral palsy usually begins when parents or healthcare providers notice delayed milestones or abnormal movement patterns. While cerebral palsy can be diagnosed in infancy, many children are not formally diagnosed until 1–3 years of age. Early diagnosis allows for timely intervention, which can dramatically improve long-term outcomes.
1. Developmental Monitoring
Paediatricians routinely monitor a child’s growth and development during well-baby visits. Signs like delayed rolling, crawling, or walking may trigger further investigation. If a child consistently misses motor milestones or displays abnormal muscle tone or posture, the doctor may suspect cerebral palsy.
2. Physical and Neurological Examination
A detailed neurological exam evaluates muscle tone, strength, reflexes, coordination, and movement. Doctors look for:
- Stiff or floppy limbs
- Abnormal reflex responses
- Asymmetrical movement
- Delayed motor skills
These assessments help identify which areas of the brain may be affected.
3. Brain Imaging | Diagnosis of Cerebral Palsy
To confirm the diagnosis and assess the extent of brain damage, doctors may order imaging studies:
- MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Provides detailed brain images and can show white matter injury, malformations, or bleeding
- CT Scan: Less detailed than MRI but useful in emergency settings
- Cranial Ultrasound: Often used in premature babies while the skull is still soft
These tests help determine when and where the injury occurred and assist in ruling out other neurological disorders.
4. Additional Testing
Other assessments may include:
- Electroencephalogram (EEG) if seizures are suspected
- Vision and hearing tests
- Developmental and psychological evaluations
- Genetic testing, especially if no clear cause is found
5. Differential Diagnosis
Doctors may need to rule out other conditions like muscular dystrophy, metabolic disorders, or genetic syndromes. This ensures accurate diagnosis and tailored treatment.
Diagnosis of Cerebral Palsy
A confirmed diagnosis of cerebral palsy opens the door to therapy, educational planning, and medical management. Early identification enables children to access support services, start physiotherapy, and maximise their developmental potential from a young age.
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