Diagnosis of Diabetes
Diagnosis of diabetes involves blood tests that measure glucose levels and evaluate how the body processes sugar. Timely and accurate diagnosis of diabetes is essential to avoid long-term complications, particularly since many people may be living with the condition unknowingly. Early detection allows for better disease management and prevention of serious health problems.
Key Diagnostic Tests
Fasting Blood Glucose Test
Measures blood sugar after an 8-hour fast
A reading of 7.0 mmol/L or higher indicates diabetes
5.6–6.9 mmol/L is considered prediabetes (impaired fasting glucose)
HbA1c Test (Glycated Haemoglobin)
Reflects average blood glucose over the past 2–3 months
A result of 6.5% (48 mmol/mol) or above suggests diabetes
5.7–6.4% (39–46 mmol/mol) may indicate prediabetes
Random Blood Glucose Test
Taken at any time, regardless of last meal
A result of 11.1 mmol/L or more, especially with symptoms, confirms diagnosis
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT)
Involves drinking a sugary solution and testing glucose levels two hours later
A reading of 11.1 mmol/L or higher confirms diabetes
Diagnosis of Different Types
Type 1 Diabetes: Often diagnosed in hospital settings after sudden onset; blood tests may include autoantibodies and C-peptide levels to assess insulin production
Type 2 Diabetes: Usually detected during routine health screenings or after symptom reporting
Gestational Diabetes: Diagnosed between weeks 24–28 of pregnancy using an OGTT
Monitoring After Diagnosis of Diabetes
Once diagnosed, regular testing becomes part of diabetes management:
Daily glucose checks for insulin users
Quarterly HbA1c tests
Annual screenings for cholesterol, kidney function, and eye health
Importance of Early Detection
Prevents complications like retinopathy, neuropathy, and cardiovascular disease
Encourages early adoption of lifestyle changes
Reduces healthcare costs and improves life expectancy
Screening Recommendations
Adults over 45, or younger individuals with risk factors such as obesity, family history, or high blood pressure, should undergo regular screening
In conclusion, diagnosis of diabetes relies on blood testing and symptom analysis. Early detection empowers individuals to take control of their health, reduce risks, and live well with the condition.
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