Diagnosis of Flat Head Syndrome
The diagnosis of flat head syndrome is primarily clinical and based on the shape of the baby’s head. Most cases of flat head syndrome are identified by parents or during routine check-ups with a paediatrician or healthcare provider. Because it is a visible condition, no complex tests are usually needed unless other concerns arise.
Physical Examination
Doctors begin by:
Observing the shape of the skull from different angles—above, behind, and sides
Assessing whether the flattening is asymmetrical (plagiocephaly) or symmetrical (brachycephaly)
Feeling the skull to determine soft spots (fontanelles), skull ridges, and bone alignment
Measuring head circumference to ensure it is growing at a healthy rate
If there is visible flattening without other concerning signs, the diagnosis is straightforward.
Assessing Head Position and Movement
Healthcare providers also evaluate:
The baby’s ability to turn the head in both directions
Presence of neck stiffness, which may suggest torticollis
Overall muscle tone and motor development
If the baby has a strong preference for turning the head one way, this could explain the uneven pressure causing flattening.
Skull Measurements and Imaging
In most cases, further testing is not necessary. However, in more complex or severe cases, doctors may use:
Calliper measurements, to assess skull shape more precisely
3D imaging or digital scans, especially before considering helmet therapy
X-rays or CT scans—rarely used—only if craniosynostosis (premature fusion of skull bones) is suspected
Craniosynostosis is a separate and more serious condition that may resemble flat head syndrome but requires different treatment.
Ruling Out Other Conditions
Flat head syndrome must be distinguished from:
Craniosynostosis – characterised by abnormal ridges, lack of soft spots, or restricted head growth
Congenital conditions, such as facial asymmetry from in-utero positioning
Neurological concerns, in rare cases where developmental delays are present
If developmental delays or abnormal neurological signs are found, referral to a specialist (e.g. neurologist or developmental paediatrician) may be advised.
Diagnosis of Flat Head Syndrome
The diagnosis of flat head syndrome is usually simple and non-invasive. Early recognition allows for gentle, effective treatment strategies and helps avoid the need for more intensive interventions later.
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