Diagnosis of Foot Drop
The diagnosis of foot drop is made through clinical evaluation, neurological testing, and imaging to determine the underlying cause. Because foot drop is a symptom and not a condition itself, accurate diagnosis is crucial to guide effective treatment.
Clinical Examination
A healthcare provider will begin with:
A detailed history of symptom onset and progression
Questions about recent injuries, surgeries, or medical conditions
Assessment of gait, watching for a high-stepping or slapping pattern
Tests of muscle strength, especially dorsiflexion (lifting the foot upwards)
Reflex testing and sensory evaluation to check for nerve involvement
The inability to walk on the heel or lift the front of the foot suggests muscle weakness or nerve dysfunction.
Neurological Testing
Nerve conduction studies (NCS) assess how well electrical signals travel through the peroneal nerve
Electromyography (EMG) measures muscle activity and detects signs of nerve or muscle damage
These tests help pinpoint whether the problem is in the nerve, muscle, or spinal cord
Imaging Studies
To determine the root cause, doctors may request:
MRI of the spine, if a herniated disc or spinal stenosis is suspected
Ultrasound or MRI of the knee or leg, if compression of the peroneal nerve is likely
Brain imaging (CT or MRI) if neurological diseases such as stroke or multiple sclerosis are suspected
Blood Tests
Blood tests may help identify:
Diabetes or thyroid disorders
Vitamin deficiencies (e.g., B12)
Autoimmune or inflammatory conditions
Specialist Referral | Diagnosis of Foot Drop
In complex or unclear cases, referral to a neurologist, orthopaedic surgeon, or physiotherapist may be necessary for further assessment and management planning.
The diagnosis of foot drop is a multi-step process involving physical exams, nerve testing, and imaging. Early and accurate diagnosis leads to more effective treatment and improved long-term outcomes.
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