Diagnosis of Gallstones
The diagnosis of gallstones typically begins with a clinical assessment based on symptoms, followed by imaging tests to confirm their presence. Doctors often find Gallstones incidentally during scans for unrelated conditions, particularly in asymptomatic individuals. In symptomatic cases, swift diagnosis is essential to prevent complications.
Medical History and Physical Exam
Doctors will:
Ask about episodes of abdominal pain, especially after meals
Look for signs of jaundice, fever, or tenderness in the upper right abdomen
Discuss personal and family risk factors such as obesity, pregnancy, and gallbladder disease
When doctors suspect gallstones, they usually recommend imaging tests as the next step.
Ultrasound
Abdominal ultrasound is the most common and accurate test for detecting gallstones
It is non-invasive, quick, and painless
Can identify stones in the gallbladder, inflammation, and gallbladder wall thickening
Additional Imaging
If doctors need further details, they may use the following:
CT scan – shows complications such as infection, blocked ducts, or abscesses
MRI and MRCP (Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography) – visualises bile ducts and can detect gallstones outside the gallbladder
HIDA scan – assesses gallbladder function by tracking bile flow; useful in diagnosing cholecystitis
Blood Tests
Blood work helps assess:
Liver function – elevated enzymes may suggest bile duct obstruction
White blood cell count – increased levels may indicate infection
Bilirubin levels – high readings are associated with blocked bile ducts
These results help determine whether emergency treatment is needed.
Endoscopic Tests
If stones are suspected in the bile ducts:
ERCP (Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography) may be performed
Combines endoscopy and X-ray to view and remove bile duct stones
Often used as both a diagnostic and therapeutic tool
Diagnosis of Gallstones
An accurate diagnosis of gallstones guides appropriate treatment and prevents unnecessary procedures. In cases where no symptoms are present, monitoring may be all that’s required.
