Flat Head Syndrome

Flat Head Syndrome

This condition, flat head syndrome refers to a condition where a baby’s head develops a flat spot. Typically due to prolonged pressure on one part of the skull. Flat head syndrome is medically known as positional plagiocephaly (flattening on one side of the back of the head) or brachycephaly (flattening across the entire back of the head). It is most noticeable in babies under one year old when the skull bones are still soft and mouldable.

This condition has become more common since the introduction of safe sleep guidelines encouraging babies to sleep on their backs to reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). While these guidelines have saved lives, they have also increased the likelihood of uneven pressure on the baby’s head.

Flat Head Syndrome

Flat head syndrome is generally not dangerous and does not affect brain development. Most cases are mild and improve over time with simple changes to sleeping and positioning habits. However, in more severe cases, treatment such as physical therapy or helmet therapy may be recommended to reshape the head.

Understanding flat head syndrome helps parents respond early and confidently. Reducing the need for intensive interventions and promoting healthy head shape development.

Causes of Flat Head Syndrome

The most common cause of flat head syndrome is sustained external pressure on one part of a baby’s skull, often from lying in the same position for extended periods. Babies have soft, flexible skull bones that are still forming, making them more susceptible to flattening. Other contributing factors include limited tummy time, a preference for turning the head to one side, and tight neck muscles—a condition known as torticollis. Premature babies are also at greater risk, as their skulls are even softer and they may spend longer periods lying down due to medical needs.

Risk Factors and Prevention

Several factors can increase the likelihood of a baby developing flat head syndrome. These include multiple births (such as twins). Which can result in limited space in the womb, or the use of infant car seats, bouncers, or swings for extended periods. Preventative measures focus on minimizing pressure on any one part of the head. Techniques include supervised tummy time while the baby is awake. Varying the baby’s head position during sleep, and regularly changing their position in the crib. Engaging with the baby from different angles also encourages natural head movement.

When to Seek Medical Advice

In most cases, flat head syndrome improves with simple at-home adjustments, but there are times when professional input is necessary. Parents should consult a healthcare provider if they notice that the flattening is severe. Furthermore, worsening, or not improving despite changes in positioning. A doctor may assess whether the flattening is positional or due to a rarer condition such as craniosynostosis. Where the skull bones fuse prematurely. In some cases, referrals to a paediatric physiotherapist or orthotist may be made for further evaluation or helmet therapy if appropriate.

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