Diagnosing acromegaly starts with recognising its subtle, slow-progressing symptoms. Many individuals live with the condition for years before receiving a correct diagnosis, as the signs can be mistaken for common ageing or lifestyle changes. Symptoms such as enlarged hands and feet, changes in facial features, joint pain, fatigue, or frequent headaches may develop gradually. Because the progression is so slow, both patients and healthcare providers may overlook the early indicators.
Key Blood Tests
Once acromegaly is suspected, the diagnostic process typically begins with a blood test to measure levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). IGF-1 levels reflect the average amount of growth hormone (GH) in the body over time. Elevated IGF-1 strongly suggests a GH imbalance.
To confirm this finding, doctors usually perform an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). After drinking a glucose-rich solution, a healthy individual’s GH levels drop. In those with acromegaly, GH levels remain high—confirming the hormonal disorder.
Imaging the Pituitary Gland
If the blood tests indicate elevated GH and IGF-1 levels, an MRI scan of the brain is done to locate the pituitary tumour responsible for hormone overproduction. The scan helps determine the tumour’s size, exact location, and whether it affects nearby structures like the optic nerves, which could impact vision.
Diagnosis in South Africa and Globally
In South Africa, these diagnostic tools are widely available in private hospitals and academic centres. In the public sector, access is more limited, and patients may need referrals to tertiary hospitals. Internationally, diagnosis follows similar steps, though delays are still common due to the condition’s subtle progression.
Further Testing
Doctors may also run additional blood tests to assess organ function, check other hormone levels, and screen for related health complications. This helps determine the most suitable treatment path.
Why Early Diagnosis Matters
Early diagnosis allows for timely intervention, which can significantly improve quality of life and reduce long-term health risks. If you or someone you care about is showing signs of acromegaly, speak to a healthcare provider and request a referral to an endocrinologist. Timely diagnosis makes all the difference.
👉 Next: Treatment Options for Acromegaly
Reviewed April 2025. Always consult a professional for individual guidance.
Cape Town Pituitary Collaborative
