Treatment and Support for Survivors
The treatment and support for survivors of female genital mutilation must be holistic, compassionate, and trauma-informed. Female genital mutilation causes not only physical injury but also emotional distress and long-term reproductive health issues. Care plans should address medical, psychological, and social needs.
Medical Treatment
Immediate or long-term care may involve:
Wound care, if a girl or woman presents shortly after undergoing FGM
Antibiotics, to treat infections or abscesses
Pain management, especially for menstrual or sexual discomfort
Surgical interventions, such as:
Deinfibulation, which involves opening the sealed vaginal area (often necessary before childbirth)
Reconstructive surgery, aimed at restoring normal anatomy and improving function
Treatment should always be offered with consent and full explanation, especially in cultures where discussing genital health may be taboo.
Gynaecological and Reproductive Health
Ongoing support may include:
Menstrual care, particularly in women with obstructed flow or painful periods
Fertility support, if damage has affected the reproductive system
Maternity care, including planning for safer delivery if infibulation is present
Sexual health counselling, to address pain, fear, or difficulty with intimacy
Healthcare providers must offer non-judgemental, culturally aware services that allow patients to feel safe and heard.
Mental Health Support
Many survivors of FGM live with:
Anxiety and depression
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
Shame, guilt, or low self-esteem
Difficulty forming relationships or trusting others
Therapies that may help include:
Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)
Trauma-focused counselling
Support groups, especially those led by survivors
Culturally competent therapists, who understand the emotional and cultural weight of FGM
Social and Community Support | Treatment and Support for Survivors
Safeguarding services for minors or women at continued risk
Legal aid and advocacy in countries where FGM is a criminal offence
Education and outreach, helping communities understand the harms of FGM and promote alternatives
Empowerment programmes, especially for women in diaspora settings where traditional roles may be changing
Supporting survivors of female genital mutilation means treating more than just physical scars. It involves building trust, restoring dignity, and helping women and girls regain control of their bodies and lives.
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