Symptoms of a Broken Back
Symptoms of a Broken Back depend on the severity and location of the fracture, as well as whether the spinal cord or nerves are involved. The most consistent symptoms of a broken back include severe back pain, tenderness, limited movement, and in serious cases, numbness, tingling, or paralysis. Early recognition is crucial to prevent long-term complications.
The most common symptom is sharp or intense back pain, usually centred around the area of the fracture. The pain is typically localised, worsens with movement, and may radiate outward depending on nerve involvement. In some cases, the pain is immediate and disabling, while in others it builds gradually.
Swelling or bruising along the spine may develop after trauma. The area may be tender to the touch, and even light pressure or mild movement can trigger discomfort. In compression fractures, the patient may appear shorter or develop a hunched posture over time.
Reduced mobility is a frequent complaint. Patients often find it difficult to stand, walk, or twist without pain. Muscle spasms may occur as the body attempts to protect the injured area, adding to the stiffness.
Neurological symptoms appear if the spinal cord or nerve roots are compressed. These may include numbness, tingling, weakness in the limbs, or burning sensations. Loss of coordination, balance issues, or difficulty walking can also occur.
Symptoms of a Broken Back
In severe cases, bladder or bowel dysfunction signals spinal cord involvement. This includes incontinence or the inability to pass urine or stool — a medical emergency requiring urgent evaluation.
In elderly individuals or those with osteoporosis, symptoms of a broken back may present more subtly. A gradual onset of back pain with no clear trauma could still indicate a vertebral compression fracture.
People with cancer, especially bone or spine metastases, should be aware of persistent back pain that doesn’t improve with rest — this could signal a pathological fracture.
Early identification of symptoms of a broken back ensures appropriate imaging and treatment. Delayed care can lead to deformity, chronic pain, or irreversible neurological damage.
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