Symptoms of Chiari Malformation
Symptoms of Chiari malformation vary significantly depending on the type, severity, and age of onset. While some people remain asymptomatic for years, others develop noticeable and sometimes debilitating signs. Identifying symptoms early can lead to more effective treatment and a better quality of life.
1. Headaches
Headaches are the most common symptom, especially in Chiari Type I. These are typically located at the back of the head and neck and may worsen with:
- Coughing or sneezing
- Bending over
- Straining during bowel movements
They are sometimes mistaken for migraines or tension headaches.
2. Neck Pain and Stiffness
People with Chiari malformation often experience neck discomfort or stiffness. This may accompany headaches and worsen with certain movements or activities.
3. Balance and Coordination Issues
The cerebellum controls movement and balance. Pressure on this area may cause:
- Dizziness or vertigo
- Poor coordination
- Unsteady gait or frequent stumbling
In children, this may present as clumsiness or delayed motor milestones.
4. Numbness and Tingling | Symptoms of Chiari Malformation
Compression of nerves can lead to sensory issues such as:
- Tingling in the hands, arms, or feet
- Numbness or weakness in limbs
- Decreased sensitivity to pain or temperature
These symptoms may come and go or progressively worsen.
5. Visual and Hearing Disturbances
Chiari malformation can affect cranial nerves, leading to:
- Blurred or double vision
- Ringing in the ears (tinnitus)
- Sensitivity to light or sound
- Difficulty focusing or eye movement issues
6. Other Neurological Symptoms | Symptoms of Chiari Malformation
Additional signs may include:
- Difficulty swallowing or speaking
- Hoarseness
- Sleep apnoea or insomnia
- Scoliosis, especially in children
Symptoms of syringomyelia, such as back pain and muscle wasting, may appear if a spinal cyst is present.
Because symptoms of Chiari malformation mimic those of many other conditions, diagnosis often requires a high level of suspicion and detailed neurological examination.
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