Symptoms of Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia
Symptoms of chronic myeloid leukaemia can be mild, vague, or entirely absent in the early stages, particularly during the chronic phase. Because chronic myeloid leukaemia progresses gradually, many people are diagnosed incidentally during routine blood tests. As the disease advances, symptoms become more pronounced and may interfere with daily life.
1. Fatigue and Weakness
A persistent feeling of tiredness is one of the most common symptoms. This occurs because the production of healthy red blood cells is disrupted, leading to anaemia and reduced oxygen delivery throughout the body.
2. Enlarged Spleen (Splenomegaly)
The spleen may become significantly enlarged as it attempts to filter the excess abnormal white blood cells. This can cause discomfort or a feeling of fullness in the upper left abdomen, and may also lead to early satiety.
3. Weight Loss and Appetite Loss
Unintentional weight loss is a common sign, especially as the disease enters more advanced phases. A reduced appetite often accompanies spleen enlargement and overall metabolic changes caused by cancer.
4. Night Sweats and Low-Grade Fevers
Systemic symptoms such as excessive sweating at night and unexplained fevers may be present, especially during the accelerated phase or blast crisis. These symptoms reflect increased cancer activity and the body’s inflammatory response.
5. Bleeding or Bruising | Symptoms of Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia
As CML progresses, platelet production may decline, resulting in increased bruising, frequent nosebleeds, or prolonged bleeding after minor injuries.
6. Bone and Joint Pain
Pain in the bones or joints, particularly in the long bones, is sometimes reported. This is thought to result from the expanding population of immature white cells in the bone marrow.
7. Frequent Infections | Symptoms of Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia
Although not as common in early stages, recurrent infections may occur due to poor immune function caused by an imbalance in white blood cell types.
Recognising the symptoms of chronic myeloid leukaemia early enables earlier diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment. Regular health screenings and follow-up blood work in high-risk individuals, particularly older adults, can be vital in catching the disease in its earliest and most treatable phase.
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