Symptoms of Cystitis Symptoms of cystitis often develop rapidly and range from mildly uncomfortable to severely painful, depending on the individual and the underlying cause. While cystitis is most commonly associated with urinary tract infections, the inflammation it causes produces a set of hallmark symptoms that typically prompt people to seek medical attention. Urinary Symptoms The most common signs include: Burning or stinging sensation when urinating (dysuria) Frequent urge to urinate, even when little urine is passed Urgency, or a strong need to urinate immediately Cloudy urine that may have a strong, unpleasant smell Haematuria, or the presence of blood in the urine Passing small amounts of urine frequently These symptoms are typically the most prominent and persistent features of acute cystitis. Pain and Discomfort | Symptoms of Cystitis Cystitis can cause a dull ache or pain in the lower abdomen, pelvic area, or lower back. This discomfort often increases with bladder filling and may ease slightly after urination. Systemic Symptoms Although cystitis is typically confined to the bladder, it can cause generalised symptoms such as: Fatigue Low-grade fever Feeling generally unwell If the infection spreads beyond the bladder, especially to the kidneys, symptoms may include: High fever Nausea or vomiting Chills or flank pain These are warning signs and require immediate medical attention. Symptoms in Special Populations Children may present with bedwetting, fever, or irritability rather than classic urinary symptoms Older adults, particularly those with dementia, may show signs like confusion or sudden behavioural changes Chronic or Recurrent Symptoms People with interstitial cystitis (a chronic non-infectious form) may experience: Ongoing pelvic pain Persistent urinary urgency and frequency Worsening symptoms with certain foods or stress In summary, symptoms of cystitis often include painful urination, increased frequency, and abdominal discomfort. Prompt recognition allows for early treatment and reduces the risk of complications such as kidney infections. [Next: Diagnosis of Cystitis →]