Symptoms of Dysarthria
The symptoms of dysarthria vary depending on the cause, severity, and location of nerve or brain damage. However, the most consistent feature is a noticeable change in the clarity and rhythm of speech. People with dysarthria often sound slurred, slow, or monotone, making it difficult for listeners to understand them, even though their language and thinking skills remain normal.
One of the earliest symptoms of dysarthria is slurred or imprecise pronunciation. Words may run together, or certain consonants and vowels may be dropped or distorted. Speech might also become softer or louder than usual, depending on which muscles are affected. Some people may develop a nasal-sounding voice, while others sound hoarse or strained.
Breathing control is often affected, leading to short, choppy speech or breathlessness during conversation. This can make it difficult to speak at length or form full sentences without pausing. In severe cases, people may only be able to speak a few words at a time or rely on gestures or communication boards.
The face, lips, and tongue may show signs of weakness or reduced movement. This can result in drooling, chewing difficulties, or challenges with swallowing. These symptoms not only affect communication but can also increase the risk of choking or aspiration.
Speech Rhythm
Some types of dysarthria are associated with changes in speech rhythm. Speech may become unusually fast (as in hypokinetic dysarthria, often seen in Parkinson’s disease) or slow and laboured (as in spastic dysarthria, linked to stroke or cerebral palsy). The tone of voice may lack natural variation, making it sound robotic or dull.
Dysarthria often leads to emotional frustration. Many people feel embarrassed or anxious about speaking in public or social situations. They may avoid conversations, which can lead to isolation and even depression if left unaddressed. The impact on self-esteem, relationships, and daily functioning is significant and should not be underestimated.
In children, symptoms of dysarthria may become noticeable when speech milestones are delayed or unclear. Parents may notice that the child struggles to be understood, has poor coordination of mouth movements, or speaks differently from peers. Early intervention is key in these cases.
Symptoms of Dysarthria
In South Africa, awareness of dysarthria remains limited, and many people attribute slurred speech to drunkenness or lack of intelligence, especially in public spaces. This stigma can be damaging. Increased education and access to speech therapy are crucial to helping individuals with dysarthria live full, dignified lives.
Recognising the symptoms of dysarthria early allows for timely therapy and support. With the right tools and strategies, many people can improve their speech or develop effective alternative ways to communicate.
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