Treatment and Management of Atrial Fibrillation
The treatment and management of atrial fibrillation focuses on controlling heart rate, restoring rhythm, and preventing stroke. The approach depends on the type of AF, severity of symptoms, and underlying causes.
Treatment options include:
- Medications
- Rate control: Beta-blockers (e.g., atenolol), calcium channel blockers (e.g., diltiazem), or digoxin
- Rhythm control: Antiarrhythmic drugs (e.g., amiodarone, flecainide)
- Anticoagulants: Blood thinners like warfarin, apixaban, or rivaroxaban to reduce stroke risk
- Cardioversion
- A procedure using electric shock or medication to restore normal rhythm
- A procedure using electric shock or medication to restore normal rhythm
- Catheter ablation
- Minimally invasive procedure to destroy the faulty heart tissue causing AF
- May be recommended for younger patients or those with recurrent AF
- Lifestyle changes
- Reduce alcohol and caffeine
- Stop smoking
- Control blood pressure and cholesterol
- Exercise regularly
Treatment and Management of Atrial Fibrillation
Doctors should closely monitor South African patients on anticoagulants due to bleeding risks and the need for regular lab checks, such as INR for those taking warfarin. While ablation therapy is available at major cardiac centres, access may be limited in the public sector.
A Tailored Approach to Treatment
Managing atrial fibrillation requires a personalised plan based on the individual’s symptoms, risks, and overall health. Whether through medication, procedures like cardioversion or ablation, or lifestyle adjustments, the goal is to control rhythm and reduce the risk of complications — especially stroke.
Supporting Patients in South Africa
In South Africa, access to specialised cardiac care varies, but many patients benefit from medication and basic monitoring through public health services. Education, adherence to treatment, and regular follow-ups are key to managing AF safely and effectively. With the right support, long-term control and a healthier life are possible.
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Diagnosis of Atrial Fibrillation
