Treatment of Bronchiectasis
Treatment of bronchiectasis focuses on controlling infections, clearing mucus from the lungs, reducing inflammation, and managing any underlying causes. There is no cure, but consistent treatment of bronchiectasis can dramatically improve symptoms and reduce flare-ups.
Airway clearance is a central part of treatment. Chest physiotherapy — including postural drainage, percussion, and breathing exercises — helps remove mucus and prevent blockages. Devices such as flutter valves or oscillating PEP (positive expiratory pressure) tools may assist with this process.
Antibiotics are commonly prescribed, especially during infections. Oral antibiotics are used for mild infections, while more severe or resistant cases may require intravenous (IV) antibiotics. Some patients benefit from long-term, low-dose antibiotic therapy to reduce flare-up frequency.
Bronchodilators and corticosteroids may be used in people with overlapping asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). These medications help relax airway muscles and reduce inflammation, improving airflow.
For people with thick mucus, mucolytic agents or saline nebulisers can thin the secretions and make it easier to cough them up.
Vaccinations play an important role in prevention. Annual flu vaccines and pneumococcal vaccines help protect against respiratory infections that can worsen bronchiectasis.
Surgery is rarely required but may be considered in patients with localised bronchiectasis who do not respond to medication. Lung resection may help if only one area of the lung is severely damaged.
Treatment of bronchiectasis
Pulmonary rehabilitation and regular exercise are also beneficial. They help improve lung function, increase endurance, and reduce shortness of breath.
In severe or advanced cases, oxygen therapy or referral for lung transplantation may be considered — although these situations are uncommon.
Self-management, including quitting smoking, maintaining hydration, avoiding air pollutants, and treating flare-ups early, is essential for long-term success in treatment of bronchiectasis.
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