Treatment of Dandruff

Treatment of Dandruff

Treatment of dandruff focuses on reducing flaking, soothing irritation, and preventing recurrences. Most people with dandruff respond well to over-the-counter treatments, but persistent or severe cases may require medicated shampoos or prescription therapy. A consistent hair care routine and avoidance of known triggers are crucial for long-term control.

Medicated Shampoos

The first line of treatment includes anti-dandruff shampoos containing active ingredients such as:

Zinc pyrithione: Antifungal and antibacterial; effective against Malassezia

Ketoconazole: Broad-spectrum antifungal; suitable for more stubborn cases

Selenium sulphide: Slows skin cell turnover and reduces fungal activity

Coal tar: Helps slow down the shedding of skin cells

Salicylic acid: A scalp exfoliant that removes dead skin and reduces scale build-up

You should leave shampoos on the scalp for 5–10 minutes before rinsing to allow the ingredients to work effectively. You should use most shampoos 2–3 times a week, alternating with a mild moisturising shampoo.

Topical Treatments | Treatment of Dandruff

For severe or resistant dandruff:

Doctors may prescribe corticosteroid creams or lotions to reduce inflammation

Antifungal creams for localised patches beyond the scalp

Coal tar gels applied directly to affected areas

In some cases, dermatologists may recommend custom compounding of active ingredients for more targeted treatment.

Lifestyle and Hygiene Measures

Regular hair washing with gentle, non-irritating shampoo

Avoid harsh hair dyes or styling products with alcohol or strong fragrances

Manage stress, which can worsen symptoms

Keep the scalp hydrated, especially during colder months

Natural Remedies | Treatment of Dandruff

Some individuals find relief using:

Tea tree oil, known for its antifungal properties (diluted before use)

Aloe vera gel for its soothing and moisturising effects

Apple cider vinegar rinses (though clinical evidence is limited)

Care should be taken to test these remedies on a small patch of skin first to avoid irritation.

In summary, treatment of dandruff involves a combination of medicated shampoos, topical therapies, and good scalp hygiene. With consistent care, most cases can be managed effectively and affordably at home.

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