Treatment of Genital Warts
The treatment of genital warts aims to remove visible growths, relieve symptoms, reduce the risk of transmission, and minimise the emotional burden they can cause. Genital warts are caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV), and while the warts themselves can be treated, the virus often remains dormant in the body. This means that warts may recur even after successful removal, particularly in the first two years following infection.
Although genital warts can resolve on their own over time, many people opt for treatment due to discomfort, embarrassment, or a desire to prevent spread to partners. The right treatment choice depends on several factors, including the size, location, number of warts, and the individual’s immune health.
Should You Treat Genital Warts?
In some cases, no treatment is strictly necessary. Warts may disappear on their own within six months to two years, especially in individuals with healthy immune systems. However, treatment is often preferred when:
Warts are painful, itchy, or bleeding
They cause emotional distress or embarrassment
The location interferes with urination, sex, or hygiene
A person wants to reduce the risk of transmission to a partner
The warts are persisting or spreading
Most treatments target the wart itself, not the underlying virus, which is why recurrence is possible. However, with time, the immune system often clears the virus, reducing the chance of future outbreaks.
Topical Treatments
Topical applications are often the first-line option, especially for external genital warts.
1. Podophyllotoxin (Warticon)
A plant-derived chemical applied directly to the wart
Causes the cells in the wart to die and fall off
Usually applied at home twice daily for three days, followed by a four-day break
May require several cycles
Caution: Not suitable during pregnancy. Should not be used on internal warts or large clusters.
2. Imiquimod (Aldara)
Stimulates the immune system to fight the virus
Applied three times a week before bedtime, then washed off in the morning
May take 6–12 weeks to show results
Safe for long-term use and suitable for multiple or persistent warts
Some people experience redness, swelling, or skin irritation, especially in the early stages.
3. Trichloroacetic Acid (TCA)
A strong acid applied by a doctor or nurse
Used primarily for small, moist warts or those located internally (e.g. in the vagina or anus)
Typically administered weekly in a clinic setting
This treatment is effective but can cause burning or pain during application.
Surgical or Physical Removal
For larger, resistant, or internal warts, physical removal may be the best approach.
1. Cryotherapy (Freezing)
Liquid nitrogen freezes the wart, causing it to blister and fall off
Performed by a healthcare provider every 1–2 weeks until resolution
Mild discomfort during and after the procedure is common
Healing time is usually 1–2 weeks
2. Electrosurgery (Burning Off)
Uses an electric current to burn and cut away the wart
Often used for larger or stubborn warts
Requires local or general anaesthesia
Carries a risk of scarring or discomfort
3. Excision (Cutting Off)
Warts are surgically removed with a scalpel
Used for large growths or when a biopsy is required
Stitches may be needed, and healing can take several weeks
4. Laser Therapy
Focused light beams destroy wart tissue
Reserved for severe or treatment-resistant cases
May be more costly and require a hospital setting
Home Remedies: Do They Work?
There are many online claims about natural treatments like apple cider vinegar, tea tree oil, garlic, or aloe vera. While some of these may have anecdotal support:
There is no strong scientific evidence for their effectiveness
Some may cause burning, allergic reactions, or further skin irritation
Using unproven remedies may delay proper treatment and increase discomfort
Medical treatments are far more reliable, and it’s always best to consult a healthcare provider before trying alternative methods.
Treating Internal Warts
Internal genital warts — those on the cervix, inside the vagina, urethra, or anus — require specialist care. Treatment may involve:
Trichloroacetic acid
Electrosurgery or laser therapy
Specialist referral, particularly for anal or urethral involvement
Women with cervical warts should undergo regular Pap smears to monitor for abnormal cell changes, especially if high-risk HPV is present.
Managing Recurrences
Even after successful treatment, the virus can reactivate. To reduce recurrence:
Avoid stress and immune suppression
Stop smoking, which may impair immune function
Use condoms, which lower reinfection and transmission risk
Consider HPV vaccination (if not already vaccinated)
In cases of frequent recurrences, long-term imiquimod therapy or consultation with a dermatologist or STI specialist may be beneficial.
Emotional Support and Communication
Treating the physical symptoms of genital warts is only one part of recovery. Many individuals also need:
Reassurance that warts are common and manageable
Support in disclosing the condition to partners
Professional counselling, especially if the diagnosis causes distress or affects self-esteem
Treatment of Genital Warts
Effective treatment of genital warts goes beyond clearing the skin. It’s about restoring control, protecting others, and rebuilding confidence.
