The treatment of kyphosis is highly dependent on the cause, degree of spinal curve, patient’s age, and whether pain or functional problems occur. Early treatment can greatly improve posture, reduce discomfort, and stop progression. This is especially true in teens during growth spurts and older adults with degenerative kyphosis. A range of treatments exist—from conservative to surgical—to manage this spinal condition.
Conservative Treatment of Kyphosis
Postural kyphosis, the most common and mildest form, usually starts with non-invasive care. Physical therapy focuses on strengthening the spinal extensor muscles, improving core stability, and increasing flexibility. Stretching the hamstrings, chest, and hip flexors helps correct muscle imbalances that worsen poor posture. Over time, a personalised exercise plan can reduce the curve and ease pain, particularly if started early.
Postural education plays a key role too. Many patients, especially children and teens, don’t notice their poor posture habits. Physiotherapists teach proper sitting, standing, and moving techniques to keep the spine aligned. Simple changes—like adjusting desk or screen height—help prevent worsening and reduce discomfort.
In rigid kyphosis forms such as Scheuermann’s disease, bracing may be necessary during adolescence. A thoracolumbosacral orthosis (TLSO) brace gently guides the spine toward a more natural curve. Patients usually wear the brace for many hours daily, sometimes up to 20 hours. Bracing works best before bones fully mature. Sticking to the schedule is vital, and doctors regularly check progress. While bracing won’t completely fix the curve, it can stop it from worsening and may avoid surgery.
Pain Management and Lifestyle Changes
Adults with degenerative kyphosis or Scheuermann’s disease often need pain relief. Over-the-counter medicines like paracetamol or NSAIDs help mild to moderate pain. Stronger drugs or steroid injections may ease nerve pain or inflammation, especially if nerve compression occurs.
Lifestyle changes support treatment. Keeping a healthy weight lessens spinal pressure. Avoiding heavy lifting or high-impact sports prevents worsening. For elderly patients with osteoporosis-related kyphosis, getting enough calcium and vitamin D, plus medications like bisphosphonates, strengthens bones and lowers fracture risk. Fall prevention is critical since minor trauma can worsen spinal curves in these patients.
Surgical Treatment of Kyphosis
When conservative care fails or the curve passes 75 degrees, surgery may be needed. The most common operation is spinal fusion, which joins vertebrae using rods, screws, and bone grafts. The aim is to realign the spine, stabilise the curve, and relieve pressure on nerves or the spinal cord. Surgery suits patients with worsening deformity, severe pain, or neurological problems like weakness, numbness, or bladder issues.
Before surgery, patients undergo thorough evaluations, including imaging and heart and lung tests. Recovery usually involves several hospital days and months of rehab. Risks include infection, bleeding, hardware problems, and damage to nearby spinal segments. Still, many patients see major improvements in posture, pain, and quality of life after surgery.
Psychological and Follow-Up Care
Kyphosis also affects mental health. Teens and young adults may suffer from low self-esteem due to their visible spine shape. Counselling or support groups can help them cope. Treating both body and mind leads to better outcomes, especially for younger people.
Regular monitoring is key in the treatment of kyphosis. Whether conservative or surgical, doctors track the spinal curve and symptoms over time. Children and teens may need X-rays every six to twelve months, especially during growth spurts. Adults with pain or degeneration also require periodic scans and check-ups.
Emerging Treatments and Special Cases
New therapies include minimally invasive surgeries and biologics that help bone healing or fusion. These are still experimental but show promise. Also, posture-correcting devices and smart sensors are growing as tools to aid posture training. However, they do not replace medical care.
Congenital kyphosis, where spinal defects exist from birth, needs early detection and often surgery in the first years of life. Specialist care by paediatric orthopaedic surgeons is vital to prevent neurological damage and manage curve progression.
Summary of Treatment of Kyphosis
In summary, the treatment of kyphosis depends on the individual’s age, symptoms, and spinal curve type. Many cases respond well to physiotherapy, bracing, and lifestyle changes. Others require surgery to restore function and avoid complications. Early diagnosis, education, and close follow-up form the foundation of effective care. A personalised treatment plan can improve posture, reduce pain, and enhance quality of life.
