Anxiety is something many of us face, but how it shows up can vary between men and women. A study by Hallers-Haalboom et al. (2020), titled The Role of Sex and Gender in Anxiety Disorders, highlights some important differences in how anxiety is experienced by each gender. Understanding these differences can help us offer more effective support and challenge the stigma around mental health.
Why Women Are More Likely to Struggle with Anxiety
It’s no secret that women are diagnosed with anxiety disorders more often than men. In fact, research suggests that women are nearly twice as likely to experience anxiety. But why? According to Hallers-Haalboom et al., a combination of biological and societal factors plays a big role. Hormonal fluctuations—like those during menstruation, pregnancy, and menopause—can intensify anxiety in women. The study also points out that stressors unique to women, such as societal pressures and caregiving roles, may make them more vulnerable to anxiety.
How Men and Women Experience Anxiety Differently
Anxiety doesn’t always look the same in everyone. For women, it might manifest as constant worry, physical symptoms like heart palpitations, or emotional distress. Women are more likely to experience panic attacks and generalised anxiety disorder, too. On the other hand, men often show their anxiety differently. Instead of worrying, they might become more irritable, aggressive, or withdrawn. Some may even take part in risky behaviours or throw themselves into work to avoid confronting their feelings.
Cultural expectations also play a significant role here. Society often teaches men to suppress emotions, making it harder for them to recognise or seek help for anxiety. As a result, men’s anxiety can go unnoticed or untreated, even though they may be struggling just as much as women.
The Influence of Hormones and Stress
The study by Hallers-Haalboom et al. introduces the vulnerability-stress model, which suggests that anxiety can stem from both biology and external stress. Women’s hormonal changes make them more susceptible to anxiety, while societal pressures can add an extra layer of stress. For men, the societal expectation to “man up” means that they often ignore their anxiety or mask it with anger or avoidance.
Why Men Often Don’t Seek Help
When it comes to seeking help, women are generally more open to talking about their feelings and seeking therapy. Men, however, are less likely to do so. The pressure to appear strong and in control can prevent them from acknowledging their struggles. This reluctance to open up about their anxiety can lead to misdiagnosis or delayed treatment.
Healthcare providers must be mindful of this gender difference, especially during diagnosis. As the study suggests, men might be less willing to report symptoms that are traditionally seen as “female-like,” such as excessive worry or fear. Being aware of these biases can help ensure that both men and women receive the care they need.
Approaching Treatment with Gender in Mind
The Hallers-Haalboom study also suggests that treatment for anxiety should consider gender differences. While women may benefit from therapies that encourage emotional expression, men might respond better to action-oriented approaches that focus on solving problems. The key is to tailor treatment to the individual’s needs, regardless of gender.
Breaking the Stigma and Encouraging Open Conversations
One of the most important takeaways from this research is the need to break down the stigma surrounding mental health. Men and women experience anxiety differently, but both deserve the opportunity to seek help without fear of judgement. Encouraging open conversations about mental health can make a huge difference in reducing stigma and helping people feel supported.
Hallers-Haalboom et al.’s research sheds light on the complex ways in which gender influences anxiety. Women are more likely to experience anxiety, and their symptoms can often be more severe. Men, on the other hand, may struggle in silence due to societal pressures to remain “tough.” By recognising these differences, we can offer more personalised support and treatment. Most importantly, we need to create an environment where everyone feels comfortable talking about their mental health and seeking help when they need it.
Mental Matters is a resource and information platform. We do not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. While the information on our website is for general awareness and support, it should not replace professional advice. For any mental health concerns, please consult a qualified healthcare or mental health professional.
Dr Hussein Al Agram Oral Surgeon Bristol
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