Causes and Risk Factors of Antiphospholipid Syndrome
The exact cause of APS is not fully understood, but it is classified as an autoimmune disorder, meaning the immune system mistakenly attacks the body’s own tissues. Read more about the causes and risk factors of antiphospholipid syndrome below.
What Happens in APS?
People with APS produce antiphospholipid antibodies, such as:
- Lupus anticoagulant (LA)
- Anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL)
- Anti-beta-2 glycoprotein I antibodies
These antibodies interfere with the normal clotting process, making the blood more likely to form clots in arteries, veins, or the placenta.
Primary vs Secondary APS
- Primary APS: Occurs without any other autoimmune condition.
- Secondary APS: Occurs in people with diseases like lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, or Sjogren’s syndrome.
Risk Factors
- Genetics – Family history may increase risk
- Autoimmune disorders – Especially lupus
- Infections – Certain infections like HIV or hepatitis C can trigger antiphospholipid antibodies
- Medications – Some drugs can induce these antibodies temporarily
- Smoking and oral contraceptives – Increase clotting risk when combined with APS
- Pregnancy – Hormonal changes increase clotting risk
- Surgery or immobility – May trigger clot formation
Causes and Risk Factors of Antiphospholipid Syndrome
In South Africa, APS may be underdiagnosed due to low awareness. It is particularly important in women with recurrent miscarriages, young patients with stroke, or people with unexplained DVT.
Let’s now explore how APS is diagnosed.
👉 [Next: Diagnosis of Antiphospholipid Syndrome]
Treatment for Antiphospholipid Syndrome
