Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) – Overview
Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) is a mental health condition in which a person becomes obsessively concerned with one or more perceived flaws in their physical appearance — flaws that are either minor or not visible to others at all. These worries are far more intense than typical appearance concerns and can significantly impact daily life, relationships, and emotional wellbeing.
BDD is not vanity. It is a serious psychological disorder often misunderstood as simple insecurity. People with BDD may spend hours each day checking mirrors, comparing themselves to others, or engaging in repetitive behaviours like skin picking or excessive grooming.
In South Africa, BDD is likely underdiagnosed, especially in communities where mental health awareness remains limited. Social media, unrealistic beauty standards, and cultural pressure contribute to growing body image distress, particularly among teens and young adults.
Key features of Body Dysmorphic Disorder include:
- Preoccupation with a specific area of the body (e.g. skin, nose, hair, or weight)
- Belief that the flaw makes them ugly, deformed, or socially unacceptable
- Repetitive behaviours such as:
- Mirror checking or avoiding mirrors
- Excessive grooming, makeup use, or skin picking
- Seeking reassurance from others
- Comparing appearance with others
- Avoidance of social situations or being photographed
- Strong desire for cosmetic surgery or procedures
BDD can affect anyone, regardless of gender, although it often begins in adolescence. People with BDD may also have other mental health conditions, such as depression, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), or eating disorders.
BDD differs from general low self-esteem. The level of distress and obsession is so intense that it can lead to social isolation, work or school disruption, and even suicidal thoughts.
If left untreated, the condition can become chronic. However, with appropriate help — particularly therapy and sometimes medication — many people experience meaningful recovery.
👉 [Next: Causes and Risk Factors of BDD]
