Causes of a Broken Back
Causes of a Broken Back typically involve high-impact trauma or conditions that weaken the bones of the spine. The most common causes of a broken back include motor vehicle accidents, falls from height, sports injuries, osteoporosis, and violent trauma. Understanding the cause helps guide treatment and prevents future risk.
Motor vehicle accidents are the leading cause of spinal fractures. Whether as a driver, passenger, cyclist, or pedestrian, a sudden deceleration or impact can apply immense pressure to the spine, particularly in the thoracic and lumbar regions. Seatbelts and airbags reduce but do not eliminate this risk.
Falls, especially from significant height or onto a hard surface, are another major contributor. Construction workers, climbers, and the elderly are particularly vulnerable. Even a fall from standing height can cause a broken back in someone with reduced bone density.
Contact sports and extreme sports carry a high risk. Rugby, gymnastics, wrestling, and horseback riding can result in back fractures when players land awkwardly or collide forcefully. Spinal hyperextension or compression during play increases the likelihood of vertebral injury.
Osteoporosis is a significant underlying cause. This condition weakens bones, making them brittle and more susceptible to compression fractures — especially in the lower spine. A minor bump or lift can cause a break in those with advanced bone loss.
Violence and trauma from physical assault or gunshot wounds can fracture the spine. In such cases, spinal cord involvement is more likely, and immediate intervention is crucial.
Causes of a Broken Back
Cancer that has spread to the spine can also weaken vertebrae, making them more likely to fracture under normal activity. These pathological fractures are more common in older adults with metastatic disease.
Certain movements or lifting heavy objects incorrectly can also trigger a broken back in those with existing degeneration or stress fractures. Proper lifting technique and spinal posture are important preventive measures.
Identifying the causes of a broken back helps determine appropriate care, reduce future injury, and tailor prevention strategies — especially in at-risk groups.
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