Symptoms of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease often develop gradually, and many people don’t realise they have it until significant lung damage has occurred. Because this disease worsens over time, recognising symptoms early can make a big difference in managing the disease and preserving lung function.
1. Shortness of Breath (Dyspnoea)
This is the most common and progressive symptom. It typically starts during physical activity and worsens over time, eventually occurring even at rest. Patients often describe it as a feeling of “air hunger” or not getting enough air.
2. Persistent Cough
A chronic cough that produces mucus (also called a smoker’s cough) is a hallmark symptom of COPD. This cough may appear years before other symptoms and often worsens in the morning or during cold weather.
3. Sputum Production
Increased mucus production is caused by inflammation and excess secretions in the airways. The sputum may be clear, white, yellow, or green, depending on infection or inflammation levels.
4. Wheezing
A whistling or squeaky sound when breathing, especially during exhalation, is caused by narrowed or inflamed airways. Wheezing may become more noticeable during infections or exercise.
5. Frequent Respiratory Infections
People with COPD are more susceptible to bronchitis, pneumonia, and the common cold. Infections can trigger flare-ups (exacerbations), leading to worsening symptoms and hospitalisation.
6. Chest Tightness | Symptoms of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Some individuals experience a sense of pressure or tightness in the chest, often triggered by exertion or cold air. This may be mistaken for heart-related issues and requires proper diagnosis.
7. Fatigue and Loss of Energy
Reduced oxygen levels, especially during exertion, can lead to chronic fatigue and reduced stamina. Activities of daily living become exhausting, affecting independence and quality of life.
8. Unintended Weight Loss
In advanced stages, the body works harder to breathe, burning more calories. This can result in weight loss and muscle wasting, particularly in the arms and legs.
Recognising symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease early is vital. Anyone with a persistent cough, breathlessness, or history of smoking should seek medical advice. Early intervention, even in mild cases, can greatly improve outcomes and reduce complications.
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