Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) – Overview
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a long-term respiratory condition that causes airflow blockage and breathing-related problems. It includes both emphysema and chronic bronchitis, making this disease (COPD) one of the leading causes of illness and death worldwide. The disease develops gradually, with symptoms often going unnoticed until significant lung damage has occurred.
COPD occurs when the lungs become inflamed and damaged, usually due to long-term exposure to harmful substances like cigarette smoke or air pollutants. The damage leads to narrowing of the airways and destruction of lung tissue, making it increasingly difficult to breathe. People with COPD often struggle to exhale fully, causing air to become trapped in the lungs.
The disease is most common in people over the age of 40 and in smokers or former smokers. It can also affect non-smokers exposed to occupational dust, fumes, or indoor pollution from biomass fuels used for cooking or heating. Genetics also play a role; a rare inherited condition known as alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency can increase susceptibility to COPD.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
Symptoms develop slowly over years and include shortness of breath, persistent cough with phlegm, wheezing, and frequent respiratory infections. Over time, daily activities like walking, climbing stairs, or even talking can become difficult.
Although COPD cannot be cured, it can be managed effectively with lifestyle changes, medications, and pulmonary rehabilitation. Early diagnosis and intervention are key to slowing progression and improving quality of life.
In summary, this chronic disease is a preventable and treatable lung condition that limits airflow and causes breathing difficulties. With proper care and ongoing management, many people with COPD can continue leading active and fulfilling lives.
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