Diagnosis of Dislocated Shoulder
The diagnosis of dislocated shoulder usually begins with a physical examination and a review of how the injury occurred. Most dislocations are easily recognisable due to the visible deformity of the shoulder, severe pain, and restricted movement. However, medical evaluation is still essential to confirm the diagnosis and assess any related damage. Such as fractures, torn ligaments, or nerve injury. A dislocated shoulder must be treated with care to avoid complications.
During the examination, the healthcare provider will inspect the shoulder for signs of asymmetry, swelling, or unusual positioning. The patient is often unable to lift or rotate the arm. Any attempt to move the joint typically causes pain or resistance. In many cases, the shoulder appears “flattened” on one side. With a noticeable bulge at the front or back where the humeral head has shifted.
The next step in the diagnosis of dislocated shoulder is imaging. X-rays are the standard test used to confirm whether the shoulder is dislocated and to check for associated fractures. In some cases, small bone fragments may break off during the dislocation, which can only be detected on a radiograph. An MRI may be ordered if soft tissue damage is suspected. Such as tears in the rotator cuff, labrum, or surrounding ligaments.
X-Rays in SA
In South Africa, X-rays are typically available in hospitals and larger clinics, though access may be limited in rural areas. Patients in these regions are often referred to regional hospitals for imaging, which can cause delays. Despite this, early and accurate diagnosis of dislocated shoulder remains critical to proper management and full recovery.
In cases of recurrent dislocations, doctors may perform additional assessments to check for chronic instability. These include special physical tests to determine if the joint can be easily dislocated again. Identifying underlying anatomical abnormalities—such as a shallow shoulder socket or weak supporting muscles—can help inform the long-term treatment plan.
Diagnosis of Dislocated Shoulder
Doctors also check for nerve or blood vessel damage. Particularly if the patient experiences numbness, tingling, or coldness in the affected arm. The axillary nerve, which runs near the shoulder joint, is particularly at risk during dislocations and must be assessed carefully.
Once the diagnosis of dislocated shoulder is confirmed, the medical team proceeds with reducing the dislocation—gently guiding the bone back into place—and developing a treatment strategy. This includes managing pain, preventing recurrence, and strengthening the joint through physiotherapy.
An accurate diagnosis ensures that no complications are missed and that the patient receives the most appropriate care based on the severity and type of dislocation.
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