Complications of Gallbladder Cancer
The complications of gallbladder cancer depend on how advanced the disease is and whether it has spread to nearby organs. Gallbladder cancer can lead to serious medical problems, especially when not detected early. These complications may affect digestion, liver function, and overall wellbeing.
Biliary Obstruction
One of the most common complications:
As the tumour grows, it may block the bile ducts, preventing bile from flowing into the intestine
This leads to jaundice, dark urine, pale stools, and intense itching
Bile build-up can result in infections such as cholangitis, which may become life-threatening
Liver Invasion and Metastasis
The gallbladder is located near the liver, so cancer often spreads there early
Liver involvement can lead to:
Abdominal pain
Enlarged liver (hepatomegaly)
Liver failure in late stages
Spread to other areas like the lungs, lymph nodes, or peritoneum worsens the outlook and limits treatment options
Digestive Problems
Tumour pressure may block parts of the gastrointestinal tract, causing:
Nausea, vomiting, or inability to digest food
Malnutrition and weight loss
Diarrhoea or fat malabsorption can also result from impaired bile flow
Infections
Blocked bile ducts or dead tissue increase the risk of infection
Patients may develop:
Cholangitis (bile duct infection)
Sepsis, a potentially fatal systemic infection
Prompt treatment of infections is critical to prevent rapid deterioration.
Pain and Quality of Life
Advanced gallbladder cancer can cause severe abdominal pain, especially in the upper right quadrant
Discomfort may affect sleep, appetite, and emotional wellbeing
Pain management with opioids and supportive care is often necessary
Emotional and Psychological Impact
A diagnosis of late-stage cancer can cause:
Depression, anxiety, or withdrawal
Emotional stress for carers and families
Access to palliative care and counselling helps individuals cope with the psychological toll
Complications of Gallbladder Cancer
The complications of gallbladder cancer highlight the need for early diagnosis, effective symptom control, and compassionate support. Even when cure is not possible, comprehensive care can greatly improve comfort and dignity.
