Bartholin’s Cyst Overview
A Bartholin’s cyst occurs when the Bartholin’s glands, located on either side of the vaginal opening, become blocked and fill with fluid. These glands are about the size of a pea and are responsible for secreting mucus that lubricates the vagina. When their ducts become obstructed, a painless or painful lump may form — this is what’s known as a Bartholin’s cyst.
Bartholin’s cysts are common in women of reproductive age, especially between 20 and 40 years old. In many cases, the cyst is small, painless, and goes away on its own. However, if bacteria infect the fluid inside the cyst, it can become a Bartholin’s abscess, which is swollen, red, and extremely painful. Abscesses often require urgent medical treatment.
Typical symptoms include:
- A soft lump or swelling near the vaginal opening
- Discomfort during walking, sitting, or sexual intercourse
- Pain or pressure in the vulva
- In the case of an abscess: redness, intense pain, and possible fever
Some women have no symptoms at all, discovering the cyst during a routine check or when cleaning. Others may feel increasing discomfort as the cyst grows.
In South Africa, access to women’s health services can vary significantly. In rural or underserved communities, many women may not seek medical help out of fear, stigma, or lack of transport. Education around recognising symptoms and seeking care early is vital.
It’s important to note that Bartholin’s cysts are not sexually transmitted infections, although they can become infected by bacteria normally found in the vaginal or intestinal flora, or by STI-related bacteria.
Bartholin’s cysts are usually benign (non-cancerous), but any new lump near the vagina should always be examined, particularly in women over 40, where rare cases of Bartholin gland cancer may present similarly.
👉 [Next: Causes and Risk Factors of Bartholin’s Cyst]
