Causes and Risk Factors of Anxiety Disorders in Children
Anxiety disorders in children develop from a combination of genetic, psychological, environmental, and biological factors. Understanding the causes and risk factors of anxiety disorders in children helps tailor the right support and treatment.
1. Genetics and Family History
- Children with a parent or sibling who has anxiety or depression are more likely to develop an anxiety disorder.
- A family history may indicate a biological predisposition.
2. Personality Traits
- Children who are naturally shy, cautious, or perfectionistic may be more prone to anxiety.
- High sensitivity to stress or criticism can increase vulnerability.
3. Brain Chemistry and Development
- Imbalances in brain chemicals like serotonin and dopamine may affect mood regulation and fear response.
- Overactive amygdala (the brain’s fear centre) may cause heightened threat perception.
4. Life Stress and Trauma
- Bullying, abuse, neglect, or traumatic events (such as loss, accident, or witnessing violence) can trigger anxiety.
- Children exposed to poverty, crime, or family conflict are at higher risk.
5. Parenting Style and Environment
- Overprotective or highly critical parenting can limit a child’s ability to build confidence.
- Parental anxiety may be unintentionally transferred to children through modelling anxious behaviour.
6. School and Social Pressures
- Academic stress, peer pressure, or social exclusion can lead to performance anxiety and low self-esteem.
In South Africa, additional risk factors include community violence, unstable home environments, and limited access to child mental health care — especially in under-resourced areas.
Let’s now explore how anxiety disorders in children are diagnosed.
👉 [Next: Diagnosis of Anxiety Disorders in Children]
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