Causes and Triggers of Atopic Eczema
The exact causes and triggers of atopic eczema isn’t fully understood, but it appears to result from a mix of genetics, immune system dysfunction, and environmental triggers. People with eczema often have a weakened skin barrier, allowing moisture to escape and irritants or allergens to enter.
Main causes and contributing factors:
- Genetics: A family history of eczema, asthma, or allergic rhinitis increases risk.
- Immune overreaction: Triggers cause inflammation and itching.
- Skin barrier defects: Lack of protective proteins leads to dryness and irritation.
Common triggers:
- Soaps, detergents, perfumes, and disinfectants
- Dust mites, pet dander, pollen, and mould
- Sweat and heat
- Wool or synthetic clothing
- Stress or anxiety
- Food allergies (more common in children)
In South Africa, eczema often worsens in dry winters or hot humid climates, and urban pollution may exacerbate flare-ups. Overwashing and harsh soaps are frequent culprits.
Avoiding triggers is as important as treatment itself — personalised management helps reduce flare frequency and severity.
Understanding the Root Causes
Atopic eczema arises from a combination of genetic factors and environmental influences. A weakened skin barrier, combined with an overreactive immune system, makes individuals more vulnerable to irritants and allergens. While the exact cause may vary, recognising these contributing elements is key to effective, personalised care.
Managing Triggers in Everyday Life
In South Africa, climate extremes, pollution, and harsh skincare products are common eczema triggers. Identifying and avoiding personal irritants — whether food, fabric, or stress — plays a major role in long-term control. With awareness and consistent management, many flare-ups can be minimised, improving comfort and skin resilience over time.
👉 [Next: Diagnosis of Atopic Eczema]
